Forwarded From: William Knowles <erehwont_private> (September 20, 1998 00:07 a.m. EDT http://www.nandotimes.com) Notable dates in the relationship between hackers and authorities: 1876 -- Alexander Graham Bell invents telephone. 1878 -- First report of teen boys kicked off telephone system for pranks. 1971 -- John Draper discovers that a toy whistle from a cereal box exactly reproduces the tone needed to open a free telephone line. He adopts the handle, "Captain Crunch." 1977 -- Two computer hobbyists, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, fresh from making "blue boxes," the devices used to hack phone company computers, produce the Apple computer. 1981 -- IBM introduces its version of the personal computer. 1983 -- The movie "WarGames," starring Matthew Broderick, is released. 1983-1984 -- AT&T is split up, resulting in seven regional Bell operating companies and new targets for hackers. 1984 -- Congress passes Comprehensive Crime Control Act giving Secret Service jurisdiction over credit card and computer fraud. 1984 -- Founding of 2600: The Hacker Quarterly, a voice for the hacker underground. 1985 -- Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link computer conference (WELL) goes online; Phrack electronic magazine founded. 1986 -- Computer Fraud and Abuse Act and Electronic Communications Privacy Act passed. 1988 -- Robert Morris crashes 6,000 computers on the Internet with a virus program and is fined $10,000. The federal Computer Emergency Response Team formed in response. May 7-9, 1990 -- Secret Service coordinates "Operation Sundevil" raids in Cincinnati; Detroit; Miami; Newark, N.J.; Phoenix and Tucson, Ariz.; Pittsburgh; Richmond, Va.; and Los Angeles, San Diego, San Francisco, and San Jose, Calif. June 1990 -- Cyber-rights group Electronic Frontier Foundation established. March 25-28, 1991 -- The first Computers, Freedom and Privacy conference, in San Francisco. 1993 -- Masters of Deception members arrested by Secret Service. All plead guilty to computer crimes and conspiracy. Summer 1994 -- Vladimir Levin, a graduate of St. Petersburg Tekhnologichesky University, allegedly masterminds a Russian hacker gang and steals $10 million from Citibank; arrested in London in 1995. Feb. 15, 1995 -- Kevin Mitnik arrested and accused of stealing 20,000 valid credit card numbers. He pleads guilty in 1996. Summer 1995 -- "Hackers," the movie, is released. Feb. 28, 1998 -- U.S. Attorney General Janet Reno announces National Infrastructure Protection Center. Spring 1998 -- Pentagon computers repeatedly hacked. Israeli teen Ehud Tenebaum, also known as "The Analyzer," claims he mentored two California teens on how to do it. May 19, 1998 -- Members of L0pht hacker group testify before the Senate, warn of serious security weaknesses and claim the ability to shut down the Internet in half an hour. -o- Subscribe: mail majordomot_private with "subscribe isn". Today's ISN Sponsor: Repent Security Incorporated [www.repsec.com]
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