http://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/03/29/mitnick_sequel_review/
[ http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0764569597/c4iorg - WK]
By Charles Arthur
29th March 2005
Book review Sequels are hard. Just ask John Travolta, currently being
panned by the critics for his efforts in Be Cool, the would-be
follow-up to the tremendously successful film Get Shorty. In books, as
in films and music, following instant success is often harder than
achieving it, because the former may be the labour of years but the
latter has to be built from what's immediately available. Thus one can
imagine the challenge Kevin Mitnick, and his co-author (and already
published author) William D. Simon, faced after the plaudits showered
on their first product, the 2002 book The Art Of Deception.
We need not go over the merits of that book (though you can read them
up)[1]. Suffice to say they were many, principally because it focussed
on social engineering - the technique of getting your victims to help
you to break in, rather than sitting whey-faced in a darkened room
staring at a screen running Netstat. Social engineering is really,
really hard to defend against, because you can't just plug in
something and feel safe. It's about people, and people can be
persuaded to do and say almost anything.
But Mitnick clearly poured much of his life experiences before prison
into that book. Now he's a security consultant, whose clients would
likely be unhappy about having exploits or weaknesses broadcast to the
world. So what to do when the publishers suggest a followup? And what
to call it?
The solution: pull together tales from other hackers of how they did
what they did, and call it something similar to the first book -
specifically, The Art of Intrusion (subtitled 'The Real Stories Behind
the Exploits of Hackers, Intruders & Deceivers').
Thus the first chapter describes how a team of clever programmers set
out to empty the computer-controlled poker-playing machines in Las
Vegas by working out how the underlying code worked, and thus a
winning hand was on the way. It's Ocean's Eleven sans George Clooney,
Julia Roberts, and swish locations; instead there's firmware
reverse-engineering and miniature computers concealed in shoes. But
the team made a million, at least, and weren't caught.
The next chapter is the tale of some hackers who may, or may not, have
been encouraged by a terrorist - from al-Q'aeda? - to download details
from Boeing, and break into the White House website. The hackers got
busted; but what's not clear is whether the person who urged them on
truly was a Pakistani terrorist, or an FBI plant to smoke out disloyal
(or just dumb) hackers, or perhaps a double agent.
It was around this point I got that 'sequel discomfort'. Whereas Art
of Deception had a simple theme - how social engineering gets around
your computer defences - Art of Intrusion is less sure of its ground.
Is it about hacking? But there's plenty of stuff out there, from
Clifford Stoll's The Cuckoo's Egg [2] onwards, about that. This didn't
have the tidiness of the first book; like real life, it had too many
loose ends and uncertainty.
My unease continued with the story of some prisoners who had been
allowed to get almost unlimited use of computers while inside a US
state prison, and the trailing of a hacker through Boeing (again), and
the saga of Adrian Lamo [3], the "Robin Hood hacker" who got hit hard
by the FBI when he was found to have - gasp - hacked into the New York
Times and even done some unauthorised Lexis/Nexis searches, as well as
- shock! - cheekily added his name to the list of op-ed ("leader
page", in the UK) contributors.
The stories are diverting enough, but what do they tell us? Mitnick
does make the useful point that the charges hackers face often bear
little relation to the actual damage or cost done; in Lamo's case, he
was charged among other things with making $300,000 worth of
Lexis/Nexis searches via his intrusion to the NYT. But as Mitnick
notes, the NYT pays a monthly fee for unlimited Lexis/Nexis searches,
so Lamo didn't cost a penny extra.
The injustice of hacking charges, while being a perennial Mitnick
bonnet-bee, is however hardly a theme on which to hang a whole book.
Only towards the end does a message emerge, and even then I'm not sure
it's quite what Mitnick intended. Chapter 8 details how one lone
hacker broke into a film software company and stole its latest
product's source code. Doing so took months, or years; he then posted
the code to one of the underground warez sites. To what end? None,
really, since only a specialist could use the program, and would need
very powerful machines to create anything usable. The next chapter
describes a team who, for fun, hacked the mobile system used by a
security company which ferries around prisoners and large amounts of
money (not in the same van). Having cracked it, what did they do?
Nothing - and they didn't tell the company either.
The nihilism of hacking is thus laid bare. Unless it's tied to the
task of protecting people and what they do against real criminals,
then hacking here lies exposed as a pointless activity, as useful as
kicking in the windows of bus shelters; it keeps glaziers employed,
but is a disservice to most everyone else. I'm pretty sure that's not
the message Mitnick intended. Although there's no sense that he
delights in what hackers do, he doesn't question the ethics or sense
in stealing a program that few can use to distribute for underground
kudos.
The point that is made, again and again, is that hackers will find a
way in if one exists, and that any sort of communication will somehow
be compromised. Against determined hackers, the gods themselves
contend in vain.
Yes, you should read this if you're nominally in charge of the
security of a company system where you value any of your information.
The "tips" at the end of each chapter might offer some assistance, but
they're less useful than those in the first book.
More helpful would be to show a couple of the chapters - particularly
Chapter 8 - to whoever holds the purse-strings for your company's
computer security. It'll either prompt a huge boost in the budget, or
a 100 per cent cut, on the basis that there's no point protecting
against obsessives.
Then again, you could follow the example of one systems manager who
asked Lamo to show him the weaknesses in the system. As Lamo tells it,
"They said to me, 'How would you secure this machine?' I pulled out my
pocketknife, one of those snazzy one-handed little openers. And I just
went ahead and cut the cable and said, 'Now the machine's secure.'
"They said 'That's good enough.' The engineer wrote out a note and
pasted it to the machine. The note said, 'Do not reattach'."
I'd like to think it'll be a while before Mitnick reattaches to the
task of writing about hacking. He has a unique perspective, and in
Simon, a powerful co-writer. But the problem (and at the criminal end,
it's a severe one) needs a mature outlook. Mitnick helps us get inside
the minds of hackers. But he needs to get them to see outside their
heads too - and realise their actions don't exist in an ethical
vacuum. That will be what musicians call "the difficult third one". If
I were his publishers, I wouldn't be pushing too hard for it just yet.
The Art of Intrusion by Kevin Mitnick and William Simon, publ Wiley,
ISBN 0-7645-6959-7
[1] http://www.theregister.co.uk/2003/01/13/kevin_mitnicks_lost_bio/
[2] http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0743411463/c4iorg
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_Lamo
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