[ISN] Cleaning Up After Mass Password Changes -- December 14, 2005

From: InfoSec News (isn@private)
Date: Sun Dec 18 2005 - 12:42:12 PST


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1. In Focus: Cleaning Up After Mass Password Changes

2. Security News and Features
   - Recent Security Vulnerabilities
   - Windows Server 2003 R2 Ready to Go
   - Two Microsoft Security Bulletins Released in December
   - Easy 802.11g Security

3. Security Toolkit
   - Security Matters Blog
   - FAQ
   - Security Forum Featured Thread

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   - Security Appliance Line Gets Software Upgrade, New Models

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==== 1. In Focus: Cleaning Up After Mass Password Changes ====
   by Mark Joseph Edwards, News Editor, mark at ntsecurity / net

Last week, I mentioned ways to change passwords en masse. Hobbit 
(creator of the hugely popular netcat tool) wrote to remind me that I 
didn't mention the fact that storing plaintext passwords in scripts 
carries considerable risk. Obviously, the passwords might be 
recoverable by an intruder. 

After you've performed mass password changes, don't leave password 
strings lying around in plaintext. You might use strong encryption to 
encrypt the data, or better yet, you might remove the passwords from 
your system completely. To do that, delete any password strings in your 
scripts or delete the scripts completely. Then securely erase your disk 
space to ensure that the passwords can't be recovered by intruders. 

To wipe a disk clean, you need to overwrite all sectors on a drive in 
some fashion. Some disk-wiping tools can overwrite sectors numerous 
times to better ensure that the magnetic flux (which is the means by 
which data is recorded) is dramatically changed so that little if any 
flux remains to be used toward data recovery. You can use Stellar 
Information Systems' Stellar Wipe Safe Data Eraser, Heidi Computers' 
Eraser, or any number of other tools designed to destroy disk-based 
data. If you use Sunbelt Software's CounterSpy antispyware tool, you 
might know that it has a built-in file eraser utility that you could 
use. 
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If you're interested in some facts and theory about how someone might 
recover data from your disks and how disk-erasing technology can help 
prevent that from happening, read "Secure Deletion of Data from 
Magnetic and Solid-State Memory" by Peter Gutmann at
   http://list.windowsitpro.com/t?ctl=1BED3:4FB69 

Instead of creating and running your scripts from a hard disk, you 
could run your script from a floppy disk drive and then burn the floppy 
disk when you're done. I can't think of a more secure method than this. 
But many systems these days don't even have floppy disk drives.

A long time ago, I used RAM disks to help some programs run much 
faster. A RAM disk would be great for helping to secure your passwords 
in scripts that are used to perform mass password changes. You can 
create a RAM disk, use it to develop and run your scripts, and when 
you're finished, repeatedly erase the RAM disk. Then uninstall the RAM 
disk drivers, shut down the system, power it off (which destroys 
anything in RAM), and reboot the computer. There's still a slim chance 
that someone might be able to recover passwords written to RAM, but it 
would be incredibly difficult, because the RAM space used by the RAM 
disk will be overwritten repeatedly by the OS and your applications. 
Using a RAM disk is probably much safer than relying on a tool to erase 
hard disk space.

When establishing a RAM disk, be sure that you immediately set 
permissions on the new disk drive to prevent unwanted access. You can 
find numerous RAM disk drivers for Windows 2000 and Windows XP (some of 
which are free) by using your favorite search engine. Use a search 
string similar to 

RAMdisk +"Windows XP" +"Windows 2000"  

If you don't want to trust somebody else's RAM disk code, download 
Microsoft's RAM disk source code, review it carefully to make sure you 
trust it, then compile it yourself. Keep in mind that Microsoft's 
sample RAM disk code works only on Windows 2000. The Microsoft article 
"FILE: Ramdisk.sys sample driver for Windows 2000" cautions that if you 
use the code on Windows XP, it could render the System Restore features 
useless.
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Finally, you might use a thumb drive, which can essentially act like a 
RAM disk. Or you could use an MP3 player or digital camera as an 
additional disk drive on your system, then detach it when you're 
finished using it. As with hard disks and RAM disks, be absolutely 
certain that you delete any sensitive information the drive contains, 
then erase the unused space repeatedly.

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==== 2. Security News and Features ====

Recent Security Vulnerabilities
   If you subscribe to this newsletter, you also receive Security 
Alerts, which inform you about recently discovered security 
vulnerabilities. You can also find information about these 
discoveries at
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Windows Server 2003 R2 Ready to Go
   Microsoft released Windows Server 2003 Release 2 (R2) to 
manufacturing. The updated version of the OS brings new features and 
functionality. A key security focus area for Microsoft is identity 
management, which is based on the capabilities of Active Directory 
(AD). R2 also brings improvements to virtual machine (VM) technology, 
branch office management, and storage management (first URL below). For 
a more-in-depth look at R2, see "R2 Moves Windows Server 2003 Forward" 
(second URL below).
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Two Microsoft Security Bulletins Released in December
   Microsoft released two security patches yesterday: one rated 
critical and the other, important. Microsoft also released five high-
priority nonsecurity updates. As usual, the company also released an 
updated version of its Malicious Software Removal Tool (MSRT). For 
Randy Franklin Smith's analysis of the security bulletins, go to
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Easy 802.11g Security
   Many inexpensive wireless APs emphasize ease of setup at the expense 
of security. Jeff Fellinge helps you secure your wireless network in 
this article on our Web site.
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Do You Know What "High Availability" Really Means?
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cost and with the highest reliability.
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Black Hat Federal Briefings and Trainings
   January 23-26, 2006, Sheraton Crystal City, Washington, DC. This new 
show--with 4 Briefings tracks and 11 Training classes--focuses on the 
problems and issues that governments face in protecting their 
infrastructure. Content will be oriented toward attack and defense, 
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==== 3. Security Toolkit ==== 

Security Matters Blog: Cisco Developers Might Be Up Late This Holiday 
Season
   by Mark Joseph Edwards, http://list.windowsitpro.com/t?ctl=1BEE3:4FB69

Mike Lynn encountered difficulty early this year in his attempts to 
discuss a flaw in Cisco hardware at the Black Hat conference in Las 
Vegas. He apparently knows of 15 more flaws in Cisco hardware. But the 
story gets even worse. Read about it in this blog article on our Web 
site.
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FAQ
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Q: How do I enable HTTP Secure (HTTPS) traffic on my Microsoft IIS 6.0 
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Security Forum Featured Thread: Host-based Firewalls for Windows Server 
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==== 4. New and Improved ====
   by Renee Munshi, products@private

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