[ISN] DNS lords expose netizens to 'poisoning'

From: InfoSec News (alerts@private)
Date: Tue Apr 15 2008 - 23:29:12 PDT


http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/04/15/dns_cache_poisoning/

By Dan Goodin in San Francisco
The Register
15th April 2008

More than a decade after serious holes were discovered in the internet's 
address lookup system, end users remain vulnerable to so-called domain 
name system cache poisoning, a security researcher has warned.

Developers of the software that handles DNS lookups have scrambled to 
patch buggy code that could allow the attacks, but not to the 
satisfaction of Amit Klein, CTO of security firm Trusteer, who over the 
past year has uncovered serious new vulnerabilities in multiple DNS 
products.

Last July, he exposed flaws in Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND), the 
mostly widely used DNS server. The flaws allowed attackers to predict 
the pseudo-random number transaction number that the software uses when 
providing the numeric IP address of a requested web page. That, in turn, 
could allow the attacker to supply a fraudulent address that leads to a 
malicious destination.

"I'm not too comfortable with the quality of the solution from the 
security and predictability standpoint," Klein said during a session at 
last week's RSA security conference in San Francisco.

DNS lookups are one of the most basic and common tasks on the internet. 
They translate human-friendly names such as theregister.co.uk with 
machine-readable IP addresses like 212.100.234.54.

DNS cache poisoning first came to light in 1997, when researchers 
discovered that an attacker could infect the DNS resolvers of internet 
service providers and large organizations with spoofed IP addresses. The 
servers store the incorrect information for hours or days at a time, so 
the attack has the potential to send large numbers of end users to 
websites that install malware or masquerade as a bank or other trusted 
destination and steal sensitive account information.

In 1998, Eugene E. Kashpureff admitted to federal US authorities that on 
two occasions the previous year he interrupted service for tens of 
thousands of Internet users worldwide. By corrupting DNS caches, he was 
able to divert traffic intended for InterNIC to AlterNIC, a competing 
domain name registration site that he owned.

Makers of DNS products, which in addition to BIND's Internet System 
Consortium, include Microsoft, PowerDNS and OpenBSD, responded to the 
discovery by requiring look-up requests and responses to include 
pseudo-random transaction ID numbers. Because attackers can't predict 
them, DNS cache servers automatically ignore any attempts to send 
spoofed responses. But over the past year, Klein has found defects in 
the randomization processes of many of these products that allow him to 
accurately predict the ID numbers.

That has prompted a new round of patches that include more robust 
algorithms. Just last week, for instance, Microsoft pushed out a Windows 
update that did just that. Klein hasn't had time to examine that patch, 
but he's still not confident the transaction ID in others can't be 
predicted.

Asked how such a wide range of developers could deploy weak 
randomization features into software so critical to the functioning of 
the net, Klein said: "It's a mystery to me. None of them probably 
consulted a real cryptography expert. There are DNS server 
implementations which use real crypto, so it is not that they didn't 
have any counter examples. I'm as dumbfounded by this as you are."


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