('binary' encoding is not supported, stored as-is) WhiteHat Security Advisory 1004 November 11, 2002 =================== Problem Description =================== Vulnerable web shopping cart software passes prices between web pages using hidden form fields. What this means is that every time a customer adds something to their shopping cart, the cart checks HTTP-POSTed data coming from the CUSTOMER computer to determine the price. The problem is that the user can alter this data before sending it to your web server, allowing the user to set the price of his or her choice. This hack is already widely known in the WhiteHat and BlackHat communities. I hope to spread awareness to those site owners who are trusting their stores to faulty software. =================== HOW THIS HACK WORKS =================== Visit some vulnerable site and look at a set of expensive "FooBars". Install an simple IE plugin that allows you to edit HTTP POST data before submission and then change the hidden form field containing the price of the FooBars from $575 to $10. Now, send the edited data and look at the confirmation page. ====== Impact ====== Malicious users may set their own prices at any site using vulnerable cart software. If prices are not hand-verified, vulnerable sites lose revenue. ===================================== Mitigating Factors / Vendor Snake Oil ===================================== 1> Some vendors think it is sufficent to change from HTTP GET requests to HTTP POSTs. Insufficent. Handcrafted-HTTP requests using PERL, C++, etc allow the user to fake a post. 2> Checking HTTP Referer (http://www.cart32.com/kbshow.asp?article=C051) Insufficent. HTTP Referer is a header sent FROM the client and thus should not be trusted. User can either fake header or use a trivial IE plugin which allows on-the-fly POST editing. Writing such a plugin took the author 5 hours. The widely available test proxy known as Achilles can also execute this attack. ======================================= Vendors Affected and Notification Dates ======================================= JustAddCommerce - Notified July 15 Cart32 - Notified July 8 Approximately 50% of the hand-coded carts tested - Notified at assorted dates/times Related note [1]: PayPal does not claim that its donations are secure, and thus I do not consider them vulnerable. Prices are passed in URL. https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?amount=9.99&return=http% 3A//www.thisistrue.com/thanks.html&item_name=Whatever Related note [2]: A number of vendors have protected their item price data, but not their shipping charge data. When submitting a shipping charge of -40, the user receives a $40 discount on their order. ===================== Where to go from here ===================== Find out if you are vulnerable. Review your code or your HTTP traffic to determine where the prices are coming from. If you find you are vulnerable: 1> Immediately begin verifying orders and prices. 2> Call your vendor and request a patch 3> Read the Web Security section of "Writing Secure Code" or similar to figure out how to fix this class of vulnerability. =========================== How to prevent this problem =========================== Cart software should NEVER trust ANY data coming from the client. This includes HTTP Headers. If the cart must rely on HTTP POSTed data, it should be delivered in a cryptographically secure manner.
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