FC: Anti-porn activist Bruce Taylor on EEOC ruling, filtering

From: Declan McCullagh (declanat_private)
Date: Fri Jun 01 2001 - 07:35:32 PDT

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    Background:
    http://www.politechbot.com/cgi-bin/politech.cgi?name=eeoc
    
    Two unrelated messages are below: One is from Bruce Taylor, the other is an 
    exchange between filtering activist David Burt and Eric Grimm, a lawyer and 
    filtering skeptic. --Declan
    
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    From: "Bruce Taylor" <BruceTaylorat_private>
    Subject: Reply to 5-30 CyberBrief story on EEOC
    Date: Fri, 1 Jun 2001 10:05:09 -0400
    
    Interesting that Bobson Wong of Digital Freedom Network is quoted on filter
    technology as if they all still block by words.  Too bad he doesn't keep up
    on the technology, since, as I understand it, none of the current filter
    programs rely on word-filter methods and all use site-blocking as their
    primary method.  Most will still do word-filtering, as an additional level
    of filtering, if chosen by the user, if the user wants to block more than
    the pre-screened sites found to be within the categories of material chosen
    to be blocked (porn, hate, bombs, gambling, drugs, etc.).  None of the
    filters on the market would block words with "sex" in them unless the user
    set the filter at its highest setting for all categories for all site and
    word methods.  Ask a filter company that handles institutional and corporate
    clients, such as: N2H2, XStop, CyberPatrol, CyberSentinel, or IGear.  This
    is why the debate is sometimes "dumb" when the debaters are giving out 5-6
    year old uncorroborated rumors as opinion, instead of fact.  Anyway, that's
    my comment and challenge.  Thanks, Bruce Taylor, National Law Center for
    Children and Families, Fairfax, VA (we wrote amicus briefs in the CDA and
    COPA cases and filed FCC coments in the CIPA rule making and will probably
    file amicus briefs in the CIPA lawsuits in Philadelphia).
    
    >"No Internet Filtering Is Sex Harassment for Librarians--EEOC"
    >Newsbytes (05/25/01); Bartlett, Michael
    >
    >Proponents of requiring Internet filtering software for libraries
    >and other facilities that offer public Web access are celebrating
    >the ruling of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
    >that Minneapolis librarians were exposed to a hostile workplace
    >environment on account of the pornography library patrons were
    >downloading.  Proponents argue that filtering technology should
    >be mandatory to prevent such civil rights lawsuits in the future.
    >However, those opposed to filtering technology say the EEOC's
    >decision does not alter the fact that, as Digital Freedom Network
    >executive director Bobson Wong says, "Filters are dumb."  Wong
    >contends that filtering technology, which usually searches for
    >and then blocks sites containing certain keywords or patterns of
    >letters, does not discriminate between pornographic sites and
    >sites for legitimate causes--for example, breast cancer--or even
    >between the word "sex" and words that contain that pattern of
    >letters, such as "the Earl of Essex."  Wong says he understands
    >the frustration of the Minneapolis librarians and wishes that he
    >knew a proper answer to prevent Internet pornography from
    >creating a hostile workplace, but he is convinced that Internet
    >filtering is definitely not the right answer.
    
    ***********
    
    From: "Eric C. Grimm" <ericgrimmat_private>
    Subject: RE: FRAUD (Was: Minneapolis Settlement)
    Date: Fri, 1 Jun 2001 08:08:10 -0400
    
    David Burt says (full remarks at end of message):
    
    Minneapolis Settlement will likely cost over $1 M: ten times the cost to
    Loudoun Library
    
    When the judge in the library filtering case Mainstream Loudoun vs. Board of
    Trustees set the attorney's fees for the library at $ $106,918 it seemed
    like a large fine. But that could look like small change compared to what
    the Minneapolis Public Library may have to pay to settle its sexual
    harassment claim. . . .
    
    Faced with the choice between two equally hazardous legal
    alternatives, library trustees will logically opt to install filters and
    ward off harassment suits with potentially massive damages . . . .
    ____________________________________________________________________________
    ______________
    
    Not exactly, David.  If the software DOESN'T WORK, then what advantage is
    there to the library if it installs the software and patrons STILL can
    access plenty of material that you would find objectionable?
    
    What kind of product does N2H2 promise to deliver to Minnesota libraries?  I
    quote (N2H2 promotional literature):
    
    What is Bess? It's the leading filtering service in North America. . . .  In
    filtering, quality and accuracy are critical.  It may be better not to
    filter at all, than to do so poorly.   Bess' combination of robust
    artificial intelligence and careful human review provides the means to match
    the pace of the Web's growth, and to avoid over or under blocking.  Each
    Bess server is configurable locally to provide a level of Internet access
    that is appropriate for both the educational and library community. . . .
    Bess is convenient and reliable, requiring little, if any effort following
    setup. . . .
    
    Library Filtering Solutions
    Public libraries are the key to providing equal information access to every
    citizen in this country. . . . Even the most innocent of search terms (i.e.
    teen jobs, Barbie Doll, etc.) return results that are quite different from
    the subject matter that was being sought.  The prospect of an individual
    losing Internet privileges by unintentionally violating the library's
    Acceptable Use Policy, or worse, creating a potential liability issue are
    all compelling reasons to find a solution to this problem.
    
    [Ed. -- Seems to me that your company is actually claiming that your
    software IS "a solution to this problem."  Plug it in and "problem solved."
    What a hoax.].
    
    N2H2's Bess® Filtering Service enables you to provide the most efficient and
    useful Internet service available for your library customers. Whether
    filtering the whole library or just the children's sections, Bess allows you
    the flexibility to choose exactly what you want to filter based on your
    library's Acceptable Use Policy. . . .
    
    [Ed. -- Exactly?  Well, at MY library, I choose to filter EXACTLY that
    content that which would violate section 1460 of title 18, United States
    Code, and section 2256 of title 18, United States Code, every instance of
    such content on the ENTIRE internet, and no other content whatsoever.
    You're promising to deliver THAT product, right?].
    
    N2H2 delivers the world's largest, most accurate Internet filtering database
    compiled through a unique process and balance of advanced automated
    technologies, human review and extensive interactivity with our customer
    base of over 15 million users.  Our comprehensive database and commitment to
    its timely accuracy is your assurance of filtering quality — an assurance
    that distinguishes us from every other competitor.
    
    Our team of content specialists continually monitor the Internet, finding
    and categorizing sites according to a carefully chosen set of content
    guidelines. . . . .  Bess offers the best filtering solution with the lowest
    potential for over-blocking.
    
    End quotation.
    ___________________
    
    I specifically note that the plain language of the CIPA (and N2H2 evidently
    promotes its product specifically as a method for libraries and schools to
    employ when they make the certifications set forth in CIPA) does not
    condition compliance on "protection measures" that half-work, or filter part
    of the time, or even "protection measures" that might be considered "trying
    really hard."  Imagine if an air traffic control systems contractor
    delivered radar and computer systems with a "99 percent success" rate at
    landing airplanes (in other words, 1 in every 100 flights results in a
    collision).  That simply would not serve as a satisfactory "protection
    measure" against aviation disasters.  In all likelihood, the contractor
    would not only be held to pay a lot of money, but it would go to jail.
    Likewise, CIPA by its plain terms requires actual -- not hypothetical or
    wishful-thinking -- "technology protection measures:"
    
    (b) DEFINITIONS.--In this section:
    
    (1) TECHNOLOGY PROTECTION MEASURE.--The term ``technology protection
    measure'' means a specific technology that blocks or filters Internet access
    to visual depictions that are--
    
    (A) obscene, as that term is defined in section 1460 of title 18, United
    States Code;
    
    (B) child pornography, as that term is defined in section 2256 of title 18,
    United States Code; or
    
    (C) harmful to minors.
    
    I rather suspect that your company's software CANNOT conform the applicable
    legal definitions.  CIPA, on its face, and according to its plain terms
    (especially read in conjunction with the First Amendment and the Reno
    decison(s)), requires that any "visial depictions" that do NOT meet the
    statutory criteria must pass, while only (and all) "visual depictions" that
    fall within the statutory criteria must be blocked.
    
    If your company promotes its software as a CIPA-compliant "technological
    protection measure," then it is doubtless your obligation not only to meet
    the statutory standard that forms the basis of your promotional Website
    "FilteringInfo.org," but to certify (both to state governmental entities
    and, indirectly, to the United States government) that your software
    actually meets these stringent and rogorous legal criteria.
    
    If the quality of the product differs substantially from the claims you make
    about its efficacy, what exposure (I'm guessing "lot of zeroes" here, too.)
    does N2H2 have as the vendor?
    
    I suppose it is time for me to sit down and look at fraud cases and consumer
    protection laws in Minnesota.  E.g., Minn. Stat. sec. 325D.44:
    
    Subdivision 1. A person engages in a deceptive trade practice when, in the
    course of business, vocation, or occupation, the person:
    
    (5) represents that goods or services have . . . characteristics,
    ingredients, uses, benefits, or quantities that they do not have or that a
    person has a sponsorship, approval, status, affiliation, or connection that
    the person does not have;
    
    (7) represents that goods or services are of a particular standard, quality,
    or grade, or that goods are of a particular style or model, if they are of
    another;
    
    (9) advertises goods or services with intent not to sell them as advertised;
    
    (13) engages in any other conduct which similarly creates a likelihood of
    confusion or of misunderstanding.
    
    Subd. 2. In order to prevail in an action under sections 325D.43 to 325D.48,
    a complainant need not prove competition between the parties or actual
    confusion or misunderstanding.
    
    And if the library actually buys your software, the individuals responsible
    may in fact face criminal charges.  Minn. Stat. sec. 609.455.
    
    N2H2's (and your personal) criminal exposure is set forth in Minn. Stat.
    609.465.
    
    So be careful what you promise in terms of ACTUALLY eliminating access to
    "pornography."  If you make claims that you know to be untrue (and you know
    the claim that software in any way effectively addresses the "work
    environment" issue is completely untrue), then I've got news for you about
    who is facing "seven zeroes" of financial exposure, and I'll be delighted to
    represent the libraries (unfortunately, the Minnesota AG gets to represent
    the state, but I seem to recall the Minnesota AG's office recently taking
    down Phillip Morris and Brown & Williamson) when they go after you.
    
    Incidentally, it would appear that N2H2 is also attempting to dispense legal
    advice over one of its Websites, and actually may be attempting to trick
    libraries into violating the CIPA.  N2H2 specifically dispenses legal advice
    to libraries, by recommending that they adopt "Acceptable Use Policies" that
    employ the following language: "[YOUR LIBRARY] uses a technology protection
    measure that blocks or filters Internet access to block access to some
    Internet sites that are not in accordance with the policy of [YOUR
    LIBRARY]."
    
    The "some Internet sites" language is CLEARLY problematic, inamuch as the
    certification that must be done to IMLS must conform to the following
    statutory language:
    
    (b) LIBRARIES.--Such section 254(h) is further amended by inserting after
    paragraph (5), as amended by subsection (a) of this section, the following
    new paragraph:
    
    ``(6) REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTAIN LIBRARIES WITH COMPUTERS
    HAVING INTERNET ACCESS.--
    
    ``(A) INTERNET SAFETY.--
    
    ``(i) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in clause (ii), a library having one
    or more computers with Internet access may not receive services at discount
    rates under paragraph (1)(B) unless the library--
    
    ``(I) submits to the Commission the certifications described in
    subparagraphs (B) and (C); and
    
    ``(II) submits to the Commission a certification that an Internet safety
    policy has been adopted and implemented for the library under subsection
    (l); and
    
    ``(III) ensures the use of such computers in accordance with the
    certifications.
    
    . . . ``(B) CERTIFICATION WITH RESPECT TO MINORS.--A certification under
    this subparagraph is a certification that the library--
    
    ``(i) is enforcing a policy of Internet safety that includes the operation
    of a technology protection measure with respect to any of its computers with
    Internet access that protects against access through such computers to
    visual depictions that are--
    
    ``(I) obscene;
    
    ``(II) child pornography; or
    
    ``(III) harmful to minors; and
    
    ``(ii) is enforcing the operation of such technology protection measure
    during any use of such computers by minors.
    
    ``(C) CERTIFICATION WITH RESPECT TO ADULTS.--A certification under this
    paragraph is a certification that the library--
    
    ``(i) is enforcing a policy of Internet safety that includes the operation
    of a technology protection measure with respect to any of its computers with
    Internet access that protects against access through such computers to
    visual depictions that are--
    
    ``(I) obscene; or
    
    ``(II) child pornography; and
    
    ``(ii) is enforcing the operation of such technology protection measure
    during any use
    of such computers.
    
    In short, the statute specifically does not authorize any library to make a
    certification if its "Acceptabe Use policy" includes the word "some."  Seems
    to me you've got a real problem on your hands, Mr. Burt.  If I were your
    lawyer, I would advise you to stop selling to any government entities
    immediately, to terminate all your existing government contracts, and to
    stay out of the government censorship business until you can actually
    deliver a product that works as promised.
    
    Best regards, Dave.
    
    Eric C. Grimm
    CyberBrief, PLC
    320 South Main Street
    Ann Arbor, MI  48107-7341
    734.332.4900
    fax 743.332.4901
    
    
    
    -----Original Message-----
    From: [mailto:CYBERIA-Lat_private]On Behalf Of David Burt
    Sent: Friday, June 01, 2001 1:13 AM
    To: CYBERIA-Lat_private
    Subject: Minneapolis Settlement will likely cost over $1 M: Ten times
    the cost to Loudoun Library
    
    
    Minneapolis Settlement will likely cost over $1 M: ten times the cost to
    Loudoun Library
    
    When the judge in the library filtering case Mainstream Loudoun vs. Board of
    Trustees set the attorney's fees for the library at $ $106,918 it seemed
    like a large fine. But that could look like small change compared to what
    the Minneapolis Public Library may have to pay to settle its sexual
    harassment claim.
    
    According to an article in the New York Times, " the E.E.O.C. had privately
    suggested to the library that it pay each of the 12 employees $75,000 in
    damages. " That adds up to $900,000. Add in the attorney's fees at it easily
    will top $1,000,000.
    The New York Times article quotes Eugene Volokh, "a law professor at
    U.C.L.A. who has written extensively about the Internet, free speech and
    workplace harassment law", that losing a First Amendment lawsuit will
    subject a library to "nominal damages," Volokh said. Losing a Title VII
    discrimination lawsuit can result in damages "with lots of zeros in it," he
    said. Faced with the choice between two equally hazardous legal
    alternatives, library trustees will logically opt to install filters and
    ward off harassment suits with potentially massive damages, he said.
    
    References:
    The New York Times, " Cyber Law Journal: Controversial Ruling on Library
    Filters" June 1, 2001 By CARL S. KAPLAN. Available at:
    http://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/01/technology/01CYBERLAW.html
    
    Tech Law Journal, "Judge Awards ACLU and PFAW $106,918.25 in the Loudoun
    Library Case" By David Carney. Available at
    http://www.techlawjournal.com/censor/19990413a.htm
    
    EEOC Determination, "Re: Unrestricted Internet Access Policy of Minneapolis
    Public Library Creates Sexually Hostile Work Environment", May 23, 2001.
    Available at: http://www.techlawjournal.com/internet/20010523eeocdet.asp
    
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    -----
    David Burt, Market Research Manager
    N2H2, Inc.
    dburtat_private  http://www.n2h2.com/
    900 4th Avenue, Suite 3600
    Seattle, WA 98164
    Phone 206 892-1130  Fax: 509 271-4226
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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