firewall appliance help

From: HA LO (halo7at_private)
Date: Mon Nov 19 2001 - 12:59:46 PST

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    I am pretty much a newbie to actual pentesting but not a newbie to networking.
    I have been lurking on this list a while trying to learn as much as I
    can.  So here is what I need a little help with.
    
    I am trying to communicate/scan with a computer behind one of those firewall/router
    appliances.  When I've done an Ack scan it shows that all ports are unfiltered,
    but all other scans show the ports as being filtered, so I think it is
    a packet filter and is not stateful.  It probably is also performing
    NAT.  How can I determine what hosts are live on the internal network
    and how would I be able to establish any communication with them.
    
    What kind of swithes with nmap would I be able to use to determine live
    hosts behind such a router, and then once I can determine what hosts
    are up what kind of tools can I use to actually try and test/penetrate
    such a host through the firewall.
    
    Sorry to take up your time with such a newbie question but Ive searched
    the archives and didnt really come up with a specific solution.  Links
    or just a push in the right direction would be really appreciated, I'll
    do the research from there.  Thanks.
    
    
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